written on the parchment was scratched out

then only a few have reached us

Libraries of the Carolingian era). IN

antiquities. These are the Egyptian papyri

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

collection of poems composed

At the same time, many antique

commonly associated with

manuscripts underwent in the Middle

text carrier and protective

Testaru. Best known

term manuscript (late lat.manuscriptum,

way. Handwritten book

By the end of the 15th century, 35

handwritten synonym

, text and illustrations to which

Preserved about 300 thousand.

collection of poems composed

, text and illustrations to which

Since the era of Charlemagne

Libraries of the Carolingian era). IN

text carrier and protective

only a few survived.

term manuscript (late lat.manuscriptum,